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OF AMERICA 
FOR AIDING PHILANTHROPIC WORK AMONG 

Sit* 3*rrp ^><t JFishrrmru nf InbrniUir 

HENRY VAN DYKE. President 










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Trap-boat Fishermen 



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The Andrew J. McCosh 




St. Anthony Hospital 








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The Orphanage 



A Happy Eskimo Mother 



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/4 B/T OF AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 
By Wilfred T. Grenfell. 



In 1883, while I was studying medicine at the London 
Hospital in Whitechapel, I was attracted by a huge 
crowd going into a large tent in the slums of Stepney. 
There was singing going on inside, and curiosity led 
me in. 

As I left with the crowd, I came to the conclusion 
that my religious life was a humbug. I vowed in future 
that I would either give it up or make it real. It was 
obviously not a thing to be played with.* * * 

Some time later I heard that one of England's famous 
cricketers, whose athletic distinctions I greatly admired, 
Mr. J. E. K. Studd, was going to speak in the neighbor- 
hood, and I went to hear him. Seated in front of me 
there were two or three rows of boys from a training- 
ship, all dressed in the same uniform. At the end of his 
speech Mr. Studd invited any one who was not ashamed 
to confess that Christ was his Master for this life, rather 
than a kind of insurance ticket for the next world, to 
stand up. I was both ashamed and surprised to find that 
I was afraid to stand up. I did not know I was afraid of 
anything. One boy out of all this large number rose to 
his feet. I knew pretty well what that meant for him, 
so I decided to back him up and do the same. 

With this theological outfit, I started on my missionary 
career. What to do was the next question. I went to 
the parson of a church where I occasionally attended, and 
offered myself for a class of boys in his Sunday-school. 
They were downright East Londoners, and their spiritual 
education needed other capacities than those with which 
I had in my mind till then endowed the Sunday-school 
teacher. I remember being surprised that one boy, whom 
I carried to the door by the seat of his trousers and 
heaved into the street, objected by endeavoring to kick, 
while his "pals" in the school were for joining him in 
open mutiny. He got the last word, however, by climb- 
ing up outside the window and waving a hymn-book 
which he had stolen. 

The next time I arrived the boys had got in before me 



2 A BIT OF AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 

(and out also), and the pictures and furniture were not 
as I had left them. I started to reform them in the ways 
that appealed most to myself. Five of us medical students 
had a house of our own ; we used to clear our dining room 
of furniture and replace it with a horizontal bar and a 
couple of pairs of boxing gloves. We were able to lead 
in these things our noisiest boys, so they learned to con- 
trol their own tempers and respect our capacities more. 
* * * 

My medical course being finished, I began to cast about 
for some way in which I could satisfy the aspirations of 
a young medical man and combine with them a desire for 
adventure and definite Christian work. Sir Frederick 
Treves, the famous surgeon, also a daring sailor and 
master mariner, who had twice helped us at our camp, 
and for whom I had been doing the work of an "interne" 
at the London Hospital, suggested my seeing if a doctor 
could live at sea among the deep-sea fishermen on one of 
the vessels of the Society for which he was a member of 
the council.* * * 

Encouraged by results in 1892, I received the loan of 
the largest of the sailing vessels, a craft of ninety-seven 
tons burden, in which we sailed to the Labrador coast to 
see whether among English-speaking fishermen of the 
Northwest Atlantic, similar results might not be achieved. 

In three months we had nine hundred patients, to 
whom we could thus commend our Gospel with pills and 
plasters, without fear of denominational interference. Be- 
sides this we had witnessed a condition of poverty to 
which we had been quite strangers over on the other side. 
Unable to do on the ship to those men, as we would have 
them do unto us under similar circumstances, we called 
on the way home at St. John's, Newfoundland, and laid 
the matter before the merchants, asking for help to build 
a hospital on the land, and promising to bring out a doc- 
tor and nurse to live there if they built it. 

We have now four hospitals on that desolate coast — ■ 
not palaces for pain such as one sees in these great cities, 
but humble wood buildings where a qualified doctor and 
trained nurse reside, where besides their own rooms, they 
have a dozen beds for sick people, a convalescent room, 
an operating room, and an isolation ward. These places 
are not only hospitals but hotels, places to which any one 
and every one is expected to come in sickness or any 
other kind of trouble whatever. Needless to say, they 
come often very long distances — in their boats in summer, 






BY WILFRED T. GRENFELL 



in dog-sleighs in winter. We do our part in the sum- 
mer cruising in the hospital ships, the largest of which 
I serve as captain, and in winter by traveling from place 
to place — moving practically all the time, only making the 
hospital, which is kept open by the nurse, the headquar- 
ters to which we return whenever we think it necessary. 
Here other methods of commending our Gospel are 
also open to us. owing to the extraordinary poverty and 
isolation of the people. Lack of experience made us sat- 
isfied for the first three years to try to cope with the ques- 
tion of hunger and nakedness, by collecting and dis- 
tributing warm clothing, and assisting the people in vari- 
ous ways to get food. 

It was not until 1896 that, seeing the futility of giving 
financial help to men who had to pay from $7 to $8 for 
a barrel of flour worth $4, and $2.50 to $3 for a hogshead 
of salt which could be bought at St. John's for $1, we 
set to work to find a new sermon to preach on this sub- 
ject. Many of our most piteous cases at hospital were 
the direct fruit of chronic semistarvation. Thus our peo- 
ple fell victims to tuberculosis of glands and bones, owing 
only to the marasmus induced by insufficient food. This 
was more especially the case among children. A uni- 
versal system of truck business prevailed ; the "catch" of 
to-morrow was mortgaged for the food of to-day. The 
people seldom or never saw cash. The inevitable results 
were poverty, thriftlessness, and eventually hopelessness. 
The contention of the trader was always that the men's 
poverty was because they did not catch enough to support 
themselves. The answer was that they got enough to 
support at least thirty traders. 

We started a with a cooperative store as a text. 

The people around it were all heavily in debt; most win- 
ters they received so much government relief to keep 
them from actual starvation that the place was known as 
"The Sink." The people were almost all illiterate and 
knew nothing about business, and the little store went 
through varying fortunes. They had very, very h'ttle 
money to put in, and even that they were afraid to put in 
under their own names, for fear the traders should find 
out and punish them. One trader wrote me denying our 
right to interfere with his people, as if those whom he 
had tried to lead me to think were only the recipients of 
his "charity," existed solely for the benefit of his trade. I 
need not say that we had now to regret gaps in the 



4 A BIT OF AUTOBIOGRAPHY 

prayer-meetings once filled so fervently by our friends, 
the enemy. 

Looking at the results of the sermon seven years after- 
ward, I find the people clothed, fed, independent, with a 
new little church building, and children far-and-away 
better clad and educated. The movement has spread: 
there are now eight cooperative stores, with a schooner 
called the "Cooperator," which carries their products to 
and from the markets; the price of flour has uniformly 
kept under $5 a barrel ; the price of salt has been reduced 
nearly 50 per cent., and other things in proportion. We 
have had many troubles owing to poor fisheries, our own 
ignorance of methods of business, and our isolation. But 
our storekeepers and crew are Christian men, well aware 
that the best Gospel they can preach is to keep the store 
for Christ. As a contrast, I sent down a young friend 
from Boston, who had once been a preacher on the coast, 
giving him $100 for his holiday to stay at this first store 
and "teach them how to manage a cooperative store." 
He was some three days at the store himself, seeing 
"nothing to do" ; the rest of his time he spent preaching 
along the coast. The consequence was that the store suf- 
fered very materially, for I was home next year, and the 
people, afraid to handle their money, left the whole of 
their capital in the bank. I don't know that the memory 
of his sermons is a justification for his view of what was 
"most important" to the kingdom of God on the coast. 

One of the chief troubles with our people was the long 
enforced idleness of the winter and the consequent neces- 
sity of living largely on the summer "catch." This neces- 
sitated their remaining scattered on the chance of catch- 
ing fur-bearing animals in the winter, even if the actual 
"catch," as was often the case, didn't amount to a barrel 
of flour for the whole time. This again prevented their 
children being reached for educational purposes. It was 
long a problem to us what ought to be done to meet the 
difficulty. Eventually we took up a grant of timberland 
on which the Newfoundland Government permitted me 
special conditions, and we started to aggregate the people 
in winter by affording them remunerative work about the 
mill. To this we have added a small schooner-building 
yard, and hope shortly to add a cooperage, as we use 
many barrels in the fish industry. We have gathered 
together about this small effort this winter some two hun- 
dred and fifty people. A small school-house has been 
erected, and those who are managing the mill know that 



BY WILFRED T. G REN FELL 



this effort is their text from which they are to preach 
their sermon. 

There can be no question that the Christ would to-day 
support all manly and innocent pastimes. So, to meet the 
needs of the long wintry evenings we have comman- 
deered the two small jails in our district and converted 
them into clubs, with a library and games, which have 
been supplemented by the importation of footballs made 
of rubber for service on the snow. This has become so 
popular that our Eskimo women join the game with their 
babies in their hoods, and seal-skin footballs stuffed with 
dry grass have sprung into existence all along the coast. 

The toys, which we usually credit Santa Claus with 
bringing from the North, had hitherto been conspicuous 
by their absence, the supply perhaps being exhausted. 
Anyhow the birthdays of the Labrador children, like the 
birthday of our Lord, have never been characterized by 
the joyful celebrations that formed oases in our own child 
life. We have turned the current of toys back to the 
North again. True, the dolls are often legless, the tops 
are dented, and the Noah's arks resemble hospitals. But 
these trifles have made the Christmas tree on the birthday 
of the Saviour no less a message of the love of God to 
these many birthdayless children, who thus keep their 
own on that day. 

We have become residuary legatees for all the real 
estate in the orphan children line. Some years ago I 
buried a young Scotch fisherman and his wife in a deso- 
late sandspit of land running out into one of the long 
fjords of Labrador. Amidst the poverty-stricken group 
that stood by as the snow fell, were five little orphan 
children. Having assumed the care of all of them, I 
advertised, two in a Boston newspaper and received an 
application from a farmer's wife in New Hampshire. 
Later on I visited the farm ; it was small and poor and 
away in the backwoods. The woman had children of her 
own. Her simple explanation as to why she took the 
children is worth recording: "I cannot teach in the Sun- 
day-school or attend prayer-meetings, Doctor. They are 
too far away, and I wanted to do something for the 
Master. I thought the farm would feed two more chil- 
dren." I was glad she could not speak at the prayer- 
meetings. Perhaps after all we grade our Christians by 
a wrong standard. How many are losing the chances of 
preaching sermons that need no oratory? Is it one of the 



A BIT OF AUTOBIOGRAPHY 



causes of the failures of the churches that so much unde- 
veloped capacity remains in the pews? 

In what relation would the Christ stand to-day to 
wrong-doing? On our wild and almost uncharted coast, 
where the visits of strangers are very rare, many wrecks 
occurred that, to say the least, suggested to the under- 
writers that no illegal efforts had been made to save 
them. We were asked by Lloyds' Underwriting Agency 
to act as agents for them and furnish reports in case of 
losses occurring. At first we declined, fearing that the 
kind of espionage which would be necessary would be 
likely to interfere with our "spiritual" work. Later we 
began to think that it was not necessary to knock all the 
spirit out of men to make them "spiritual," so we ac- 
cepted the post of Magistrate for the coast, and also 
Lloyds'* agency. 

Steaming down a long fjord late in October, we picked 
up the crew of a small steamer wrecked on the north 
shore. After landing the men for the last boat south to 
take them home, we returned and raised the steamer — 
hauled her keel out of the water at low tide, and found 
the only damage was a hole driven with a crowbar in her 
bottom. In endeavoring to tow her some six hundred 
miles south to St. John's, Newfoundland, we lost her in 
a gale of wind at sea, and with her our evidence of the 
crime. 

It did not take us long to find out that this blow at 
unrighteousness had made us more enemies than many 
sermons. We have a saying that "it is only when you 
really tread on the devil's tail that he will wag it" — per- 
haps a modern synonym for "No cross, no crown." So 
long as the battle with sin is fought with kid gloves on, 
there will never be any need of the "fellowship of suffer- 
ing." Last season after every one had left the coast, 
report reached St. John's that a large vessel loaded with 
fish and fully insured had been lost on the rocks six hun- 
dred miles north. On account of the rapidly forming ice, 
we were doubtful whether it would be possible to get 
at the ship. But fortune favored us ; we were able to get 
her, raise her, and, almost to our own surprise, we were 
able to tow her, in spite of December gales, safely to St. 
John's Harbor. The consignee (the same man who had 
owned the steamer we lost, and who had "suffered other 
losses") was found guilty of barratry and sent down to 
penal servitude. 

It is said that the world consists of two kinds of peo- 



BY WILFRED T. G REN FELL 



pie, "those who go out and try to do something" and 
those who "stay home and wonder why they don't do it 
some other way." How would the critic look at this? 
Was it "missionary"? * * * Is not the real problem of 
Christianity how best to commend it to the world ? Can 
it most truly be advocated by word or deed? Can we 
afford to divorce the "secular" from the "religious," any 
more than the "religious" from the "secular" ? It seems 
to me there is only one way to reach the soul — that is, 
through the body. For when the soul has cast off the 
body we cannot reach it at all. — From the Outlook. 

Interesting descriptions of Dr. Grenf ell's works are: 
Off the Rocks, Down to the Sea, by W. T. Grenfell, 
$1.00 each ; Labrador, by Dr. Grenfell and others, $2.25 ; 
Adrift on a Pan of Ice, by W. T. Grenfell, 75c ; A Man's 
Helpers, A Man's Faith", What Life Means to Me, by 
W. T. Grenfell, 50c each. These books may be ordered 
from the Secretary of the Grenfell Association. 

AMONG THE DEEP SEA FISHERS, 
a quarterly magazine, is devoted entirely to the interest 
of the work. Subscriptions (50 cents per year) may be 
sent to the Secretary of the Grenfell Association. 



AN OUTLINE HISTORY 

1892 — The hospital vessel Albert sailed from England 
with Dr. Grenfell in charge as the only Mission 
doctor. He spent three months on the coast, hold- 
ing services and treating 900 sick folk. 

1893 — Battle Harbor Hospital was presented by friends 
in St. John's, Newfoundland, and opened during 
the summer under a qualified nurse and doctor. 
The launch Princess May was added to enable the 
ship to do more work. 

1894 — Indian Harbor Hospital was opened for the sum- 
mer, and for the first time Battle Harbor Hospital 
was kept open in winter. Friends in Canada be- 
gan to help the Mission. 

1895 — The sailing hospital was replaced by the steamer 
Sir Donald, the gift of Sir Donald A. Smith, who 
has lived many years in Labrador. Nineteen hun- 
dred sick folk received treatment. Dr. Roddick, 
of Montreal, presented the sailing boat Urelia 
McKinnon to the Mission. 

1896 — A small cooperative store was started at Red Bay, 
in the Straits of Belle Isle, to help the settlers t» 



S_ AN OUTLINE HISTORY 

escape the "truck system" of trade and the conse- 
quent loss of independence and thrift. This has 
since spread to a series of eight with very bene- 
ficial results to the very poorest. The Sir Donald 
was carried out from her harbor by the winter ice 
and found by the seal hunters far at sea still frozen 
in. She had to be sold. 

1897 — The steam launch Julia Sheridan, given by a 
Toronto lady, replaced the Sir Donald. A large 
mission hall was attached to Indian Harbor Hos- 
pital for the use of the fishermen. Two thousand 
patients were treated. 

1899 — Largely through the munificence of the High 
Commissioner, the steel steam hospital Strathcona 
was built at Dartmouth, England, and fitted with 
every available modern appliance. At the request 
of the settlers, a doctor wintered in North New- 
foundland. 

1900 — The Strathcona steamed out to Labrador. The 
settlers on the Newfoundland shore of the Straits 
of Belle Isle commenced a hospital at St. Anthony, 
and the Mission decided to adopt that place as a 
third station. 

1901 — The Newfoundland Government granted $1,500 to 
stimulate the erection of St. Anthony Hospital. A 
small cooperative lumber mill was started to help 
the settlers of the poorest district to get remunera- 
tive work in winter, when they often faced semi- 
starvation. The schooner Cooperator was pur- 
chased and rebuilt by the people to assist the 
cooperative store efforts. 

£902 — A new wing was added to Battle Harbor Hospital, 
with a fine convalescent room and a new operating 
room. Indian Harbor Hospital was also consider- 
ably enlarged. Two thousand seven hundred and 
seventy-four patients received treatment — no of 
these being in-patients in the little hospitals. The 
launch Julia Sheridan, with one of the medical offi- 
cers in charge, was chartered by the government 
to suppress an outbreak of smallpox. 

1903 — Some new outbuildings were added to the Indian 
Harbor Hospital, and a mortuary and store were 
built at Battle Harbor Hospital. The third and 
fourth cooperative stores were started at West 
St. Modiste and at Flowers Cove to encourage 



BY WILFRED T. GRENFELL 



cash dealing and thrift. The Princess May went 
out of commission and was sold. 

1904 — A new house for the doctor was built at Battle 
Harbor. The steam launch Julia Sheridan had to 
be sold. She was replaced by a 10 H. P. kerosene 
launch called by the same name. An orphanage 
was built at St. Anthony to accommodate fifteen 
children. A building was also added for teaching 
loom work and general carpentering and lathe 
work. 

1905 — A doctor was appointed at the request of the peo- 
ple on the Canadian Labrador, with headquarters 
at Harrington, near Cape Whittle, on the north 
side of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The first 
schooners were built at the lumber mill, which is 
now flourishing and helping to maintain one hun- 
dred odd families. Two consulting surgeons from 
Boston Universities visited us during the summer 
to help in the work. Through the generosity of 
Mr. Andrew Carnegie, between thirty and forty 
small portable libraries were distributed along the 
coast, containing from 50 to 100 books in each. 

1906 — Through the help of friends in Montreal and 
Toronto a new hospital and doctor's house were 
built at Harrington, and a second kerosene launch, 
called the Northern Messenger, was given for the 
work there. New dog sledges and teams were 
also given by the Montreal Weekly Witness. Some 
new buildings were erected at St. Anthony, in- 
cluding some small farm outbuildings, and some 
land was taken up from the Newfoundland Gov- 
ernment with a view to trying to introduce cattle. 

1906-07 — In connection with the cooperative store at 
Flowers Cove, an industry of making seal skin 
boots has sprung up, and 1,500 pairs of boots were 
exported this summer. Around these small indus- 
tries it is possible to aggregate women and chil- 
dren in the winter for the purpose of better edu- 
cation. A new wharf, stores for clothing and coal, 
and a large mission room are being added to Bat- 
tle Harbor. Seven volunteers have joined the 
staff: — the lady in charge of the orphanage, an 
electrical engineer in charge of the general me- 
chanical work, a teacher for night school and 
library work. The fourth hospital was kept open 
all last summer by a volunteer doctor from Har- 



io AN OUTLINE HISTORY 

vard University and volunteer nurses from Eng- 
land. A teacher of arts and crafts was in 
charge of the industrial work at St. Anthony this 
year. The steam launch Daryl was given by the 
Dutch Reform Union of New York City and 
taken to Labrador by Students of Harvard 
University. 
1907-08 — The experiment of placing a trained nurse in 
fishing settlements farthest from the little hos- 
pitals has taken definite form in the building of 
a house at Forteau on the southern coast of Labra- 
dor, in which a nurse is permanently situated. The 
people of the place gave the labor freely, and the 
money for the material was the gift of a veteran 
of the Civil War, who, after being wounded at 
Gettysburg, journeyed on a fishing schooner to 
Labrador in quest of health, and in gratitude for 
great kindness shown him wished to make some 
return to the people of the coast. A second sta- 
tion is to be opened at Flowers Cove, at which 
place the people have guaranteed $200 a year, be- 
ing a poll tax of $1 per annum on every family 
over that long district. 

No less than four more small cooperative stores 
have sprung into existence, showing the belief of 
the people in the advantages they confer in help- 
ing to give independence and a sufficient living. 

An electric light plant has been installed at St. 
Anthony largely through the kindness of the Trus- 
tees of Pratt Institute of Brooklyn. Not only has 
the light been introduced into all of the Mission 
buildings, but large lights have been placed at the 
wharf. Pratt Institute also sent up one of their 
graduates to install the plant. Already it has 
proved of inestimable value. 

Through the generosity of the same institution, 
three Labrador students have taken courses in 
engineering, that they may afford their in- 
valuable aid to communal life on the coast. 

His Excellency, the Governor of Newfound- 
land, Sir William MacGregor, a highly skilled 
geodetic surveyor, has spent part of the summer 
with Dr. Grenfell on the Strathcona, improving 
the new chart of all the northern Labrador coast. 
This, it is hoped, will be issued shortly, because it 
is so badly needed by the many fishing craft that 
visit those waters. 



BY WILFRED T. G REN FELL n 

A new power yawl was donated by Mrs. B. H. 
Buckingham, of Washington, and brought down 
by Yale students. 

Volunteer teachers did excellent work this 
year at some of the small schools, and a volun- 
teer from the experimental farm at St. Anne's 
did splendid work, showing us that we can grow 
many vegetables we have sore need of. 

The new nurses sent us by Baltimore, a Wash- 
ington friend, and others, have been doing invalu- 
able work. We have, however, been very short of 
help along that line and could easily have found 
work for many more. Volunteer students from 
Johns Hopkins, Princeton, Williams, Yale, and 
Bowdoin, have had labors imposed on them they 
little anticipated when they set out for the sum- 
mer. But all have done excellent, necessary work, 
that without them would have been impossible. 
1908-09— $10,000 collected by Miss Julia Little was 
expended on doubling the size of St. Anthony 
Hospital. When 58 patients arrived by mail 
steamer in one day and 32 the same day on 
schooners, with only 15 beds, it was found im- 
perative to enlarge the accommodations. The 
work was carried on under Mr. Luther Turner 
of the Hill School, Pottstown, Pa., with many 
students helping him. The Orphanage also 
was doubled in size, as already the sitting- 
rooms had all become bedrooms. It is now 
called the "Sayre Orphanage" — and will accom- 
modate 40 children. The reindeer herd has 
multiplied to 550, and much sterilized milk was 
put up for the winter. Some 4,000 logs and 397 
wharf sticks were hauled home on an average 
of 15 miles by these animals. One or two that 
had to be killed were exceedingly valuable both 
for the meat and the hides. Miss Luther is 
again with us directing the industrial work. The 
cloth weaving has spread along the coast and a 
second center come into being. Several hun- 
dred dollars worth of rugs, homespuns, and 
other products have been sold. Some excellent 
woven rabbit skin rugs have proved a new use 
for these natural products. 

A new center for agriculture was begun and 
much new land cleared — oxen and ploughs 



12 AN OUTLINE HISTORY 

being sent down. Mr. Richardson of the Mac- 
donald Agricultural College furnished sufficient 
vegetables for the summer, and, with more 
workers, is planning to operate on a much larger 
scale next year. This venture we look on as 
particularly hopeful. 

Dr. Wakefield, who has joined the staff, 
brought with him a valuable flock of Cumber- 
land sheep, and Dr. Graham Bell of Baddeck 
sent us a fine prize Berkshire ram. A small 
factory for tinning salmon and berries, and 
making our own cod liver oil ran very success- 
fully — some of the salmon sent to Boston has 
been judged of the very best. Other new houses 
have been built for workmen. A large new 
power house with wood-working machinery has 
been erected. In the spring a haul-up yard for 
repairing schooners will be added to render this 
a valuable new branch of work. 

The students and alumni of Princeton Uni- 
versity purchased and brought down for us a 
beautiful new power yawl called the "Andrew J. 
McCosh" in memory of their noble alumnus, 
Dr. Andrew J. McCosh. 

A large new reservoir was blasted out and 
concreted largely by students as a water supply 
to Battle Harbor Hospital — the Government 
making a grant of half the expense. Wireless 
telegraphy was installed in the "Strathcona," 
and now we can't imagine how we got on with- 
out it. It brings our fishermen friends within 
reach of help and of valuable fishing information 
we could not possibly afford them before. 

Among many volunteers who so generously 
gave us their help, we must especially thank 
nurses Carr-Harris, Hegan, Wilson, and Allan; 
Dr. and Mrs. Armstrong, Drs. Butler, Dimond, 
Musson, Clark, and Tinker; teachers, Misses 
Allen, McNair, Muir, and Mr. Ladd; Miss 
Dwight, the housekeeper of the Guest House; 
other workers, Messrs. Halsey, Hilles, and stu- 
dents from Yale, Harvard, Williams, Princeton, 
and Amherst. The special ear and throat work 
done by Dr. Musson of Philadelphia, brought 
relief to many suffering people. The Strath- 
cona made her usual long summer trip but was 



/;> :' ILFRED T. GRENFELL 13 

unfortunate enough to run on the rocks and 
somewhat damage her hull. She was, however, 
got off by the generous help of the natives and 
others, and finished her voyage as usual. The 
expedition to catch wild caribou for breeding 
was unsuccessful, but will repeat its efforts next 
year under the leadership of Mr. Edward Barr. 

Seamen's Institute. The work on the new Sea- 
men's Institute is at last begun. A splendid site 
has been purchased, — the old site having been so 
much curtailed by the widening of the road by 
the City Council as to be quite unsuitable. We 
look on this as a most important effort for the 
welfare of the fishermen, and are very anxious 
that Mr. Charles Karnopp, into whose hands the 
carrying out of the work is entrusted, shall not 
be hampered by want of funds. The Home will 
benefit every sailor visiting the port and should 
be a positive factor in the fight with the saloons 
and those that prey on sailors, that ages of nega- 
tive teaching could not hope to accomplish. 
Most fervently do we ask the help and sympathy 
of all interested in fishermen and sailors for this 
branch of the work. 
1909-'10 — Institute commenced and building in process 
of erection. 

St. Anthony Hospital doubled and hot water, 
steam heating, and water supply installed. 
Number of out-patients : medical, 881 ; surgical, 
826. Total, 1707. 

Orphanage doubled ; will accommodate forty 
children. Steam heating and hot water supply 
installed. 

Industrial. Considerable progress made in 
the weaving of homespun — four prizes secured 
in open exhibition in St. John's. Apparatus for 
polishing Labrador blue stone (Labradorite), 
successfully installed. 

Engineering work. Large new steel working 
engineering lathe installed and wood-working 
machinery. A haul-up slip commenced for re- 
pairing our boats. Much work done on peat 
bog, drying peat, and on new roads. 

Reindeer now 800 in good condition ; two new 
apprentices; Lapps sent home. 

Water Supply. A new enlarged reservoir 
built on the hillside to give constant supply of 
running water. 



i£ AN OUTLINE HISTORY 

Tuberculosis. A large new open-air shack 
added, a gift of the Anti-Tuberculosis Society, 
situated among the trees high up the hillside 
above the hospital. 

Schools. Large new school built. First kin- 
dergarten apparatus installed, and first teaching 
commenced. 

Battle Harbor. The large new reservoir built 
and constant water supply brought into hospital. 
A thorough new drainage system completed. 

The yawl "Pomiuk" transferred to Battle 
owing to gift from "Yale" to Indian Harbour. 

Agriculture. First ploughing of land for pas- 
ture. Much work done in clearing and fencing 
of land, and experimenting with hardy seeds and 
plants. 

Wharf. Wharf lengthened by large blocks, 
enabling mail steamer to come directly alongside 
to land and re-embark patients without the 
sometimes disastrous ferrying in small boats. 

Stores. New coal store added. A new store 
for supplies is badly needed. 

Indian Harbor. The open air sunning annex 
finished. A beautiful new power yawl, the 
"Yale," donated and brought down by Yale stu- 
dents, added for the Doctor's work. Obtained 
Government subsidy to carry mails, making her 
work more efficient and economical. 

Harrington. New wharf added. Built store 
and carpenter's shop. Yawl Daryl transferred 
here from St. Anthony, where she was replaced 
by the "McCosh," given by Princeton students 
and friends. 

Strathcona. New wheel house and captain's 
cabin added. Marconi system again carried with 
great advantage. 

Forteau. A doctor stationed here all winter, 
a doctor and nurse from Battle Harbor trans- 
ferred to Cartwright, where a small hospital 
was opened for the winter. 

Workers. Two volunteer surgeons from 
England, one Canadian teacher, one doctor and 
three new nurses and many volunteers from the 
United States, helped very materially in the 
efficiency of the work of the Mission. During 
the year more than 5,000 patients received treat- 
ment. 

W. T. GRENFELL. 



The Grenfell Association oi Ameiicn 

(Incorporated Under the Laws of New York.) 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS. 

Henry van Dyke, D.D., LL.D., President. 

D. Bryson Delavan, M.D., Vice-President 

Willis E. Lougee, Secretary, 
156 Fifth Avenue, New York. 

Eugene Delano, Treasurer, 
59 Wall Street, New York. 

Ernest Hamlin Abbott Wm. DeW. Hyde, D.D., LL.D. 

Stephen Baker Arthur Curtiss James 

Frederick Billings Frederic S. Lee 

S. Edgar Briggs Hamilton W. Mabie, LL.D. 
William Adams Brown, D D. William R. Moody 

Clarence J. Blake, M.D. Edward C. Moore, Ph.D., D.D. 

Harvey Cushing, M.D. Herbert L. Satterlee 

William Adams Delano Francis Lynde Stetson 

Arthur T. Estabrook J. Frederick Thomas 

Clifford Hubbell Allen Wardwell 

Office Secretary, Miss Jennie L. Gray 

Room 404, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York 

Telephone, 5238 Gramercy 

The object of the Grenfell Association of America is to 
assist Dr. Grenfell in his work in Labrador and the northern 
peninsula of Newfoundland. 

It is not the intention of the Grenfell Association to take the 
place of the support now furnished to Dr. Grenfell by the Home 
Society or by the other friends who have so generously con- 
tributed to his work in the past, but rather to supplement this by 
additional funds for the expansion and increased efficiency of 
the work. » 

All those who desire to have a part in this work are re- 
quested : 

(1) To join the Grenfell Association of America (dues $2 
annually V 

(2) To spread information about and promote interest in 
the work. 

(3) To contribute to its maintenance either by subscription 
or donation. 

Five thousand dollars given at one time makes one a Patron. 

Fifteen hundred dollars will endow a cot permanently. 

One thousand dollars given at one time makes one a Life 
Member. 

Five hundred dollars will meet the annual expenses of a 
hospital launch. 

Fifty dollars will support a cot for one year. 

Thirty-five dollars will furnish a room in the Fishermen's 
Home, and give the donor the right to name it. 

Seven dollars will provide a ton of coal for the steamer. 

Gifts of clothing in good repair, blankets, books, and maga- 
zines for loan libraries, medical supplies, dental and surgical 
instruments, toys for children, lantern slides for teaching, will 
also be welcomed, and may be sent to the Grenfell Association. 
156 Fifth Avenue, New York. 



1 6 THE GRENFELL ASSOCIATION 

Subscriptions for the Association and membership due* 
should be sent to Mr. Eugene Delano, Treasurer, 59 Wall Street, 
New York; all other communications to Mr. Willis E. Lougee, 
Secretary, Room 404, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. 

THE GRENFELL ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, INC. 
The friends and supporters of Dr. Grenfell who are already 
organized into associations or committees have become affiliated 
with this general association, and thereby are enabled to aid him 
more effectively; those who are not so organized can form such 
associations or committees much more advantageously with the 
aid of the general association. 

NEW ENGLAND GRENFELL ASSOCIATION 

William DeW. Hyde, D.D., President 

Clarence J. Blake, M.D., Vice-President 

Miss E. E. White, Secretary-Treasurer, 

14 Beacon St., Room 201, Boston 



SOUTHERN BRANCH 

Headquarters : Baltimore, Md. 

Mr Blanchard Randall, Cloudcapped Catonsville, President 

Acting Secretary-Treasurer, Mr. Douglas M. Wylie, 

412 North Street, Baltimore, Md. 

CHICAGO BRANCH 

Dr. Geo. W. Webster, President 

Wm, A. Douglass, Treasurer, Care R. G. Dun & Co., 

New York Life Building 

Mr. Everett Sisson, Secretary, 69 Dearborn St. 

BUFFALO GRENFELL ASSOCIATION 

Mr. Hugh Kennedy, President 
Clifford Hubbell, Secret ary and Treasu rer, Marine Nat'l Bank. 

KANSAS CITY BRANCH 

John H. Thacher, President 

Dr. R. McE. Schauffler, Vice-President 

Thornton Cooke. Treasurer 

Henry D. Faxon, Secretary 

MINNEAPOLIS BRANCH. 

Rev. H. P. Dewey, D.D., President 

L. K. Thompson, Vice-President 

R. P. Woodworth, Secretary-Treasurer 

PHILADELPHIA BRANCH 

J. Frederick Thomas, 902 Chestnut Street 

WASHINGTON, D. C. BRANCH 

Temporary Committee 

Charles Henry Butler Mr. Henry B. F. MacFarland 

Rev. J as. H. Taylor, Secretary-Treasurer, 

304 Rhode Island Ave., N. W. 

SPOKANE, WASHINGTON 

Frederick W. Dewart* Chairman 

Dr. J. H. O'Shea W. D. Vincent, Treasurer 





A Fishing Fleet 



'Greylock" Dr. Grenfell's Reindeer 




V 



The Strathcona in Company with an Icebeig 





Hospital. Battle Harbor, Labador 



Doc" Dr. Grrnfell's Dog 



Jr'BRARY OF 



027 331 745 4 




The Hospital Ship Strathcona 



